AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator)

AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) 

The "AVR" ensures stable generator output voltage by adjusting the rotor's excitation current.  

1. Functions:  
   - Maintains constant voltage under varying loads.  
   - Controls excitation current and provides protection (over/undervoltage).  

2. Components:
   - Voltage sensor, error amplifier, excitation control, and protective circuits.  

3. How It Works:
   - Monitors output voltage → Compares to setpoint → Adjusts excitation to stabilize voltage.  

4. Common Issues:
   - Voltage fluctuations (dirty slip rings, faulty AVR).  
   - No output (burnt AVR, excitation loss).  

Quick Fixes: 
- Clean/replace brushes, check RPM stability, replace faulty AVR.  

AVRs are crucial for reliable generator performance, preventing damage from voltage spikes or drops.